1940's, GERMANY : The german physicist GUSTAV Ludwig HERTZ (1887 - 1975), Nobel winner prize in 1925 with James Franck, nephew of most celebrated physicist HEINRICH RUDOLF HERTZ (1857 - 1895) who clarified and expanded the electromagnetic theory of light that had been put forth by James Clerk Maxwell. He was the first to conclusively prove the existence of electromagnetic waves by engineering instruments to transmit and receive radio pulses using experimental procedures that ruled out all other known wireless phenomena. GUSTAV HERTZ after 1950, moved to Moscow. In 1951, Hertz was awarded a Stalin Prize