1574 : Gerardus Mercator, born 1512 in Rupelmonde in the Habsburg County of Flanders (Belgium), Holy Roman Empire, died 1594 in Duisburg, United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, Holy Roman Empire, today Germany. Was a cartographer, philosopher and mathematician. He is best known for his work in cartography, particular the world map of 1569 based on a new projection which represented sailing courses of constant bearing as straight lines. He was the first to use the term Atlas for a collection of maps. Illustration from " Atlas sive Cosmographicae meditationes de fabrica mvndi et fabricati figvra. Dvisbvrgi Clivorvm (1595)