1785, FRANCE: The french illuminist scientist and inventor Doctor JOSEPH-IGNACE GUILLOTIN (1738-1814). Portrait engraving by B.L. Prevost after the original by J. M. Moreau, 1789. Was a physician who proposed on 10 October 1789 the use of a mechanical device to carry out death penalties in France. While he did not invent the guillotine, and in fact opposed the death penalty, his name became an eponym for it